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The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Svante Pääbo was awarded the year’s first prize, for physiology or medicine. Dr Pääbo, a Swedish geneticist, won for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.
He won for his work in retrieving genetic material from 40,000-year-old bones, producing a complete Neanderthal genome and initiating the field of ancient DNA studies.
Nobel Prize in Physics
John Clauser, Alain Aspect, and Anton Zeilinger are being awarded Physics Nobel for their groundbreaking experiments using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated.
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities, and pioneering quantum information science,” the academy said.
Intense research and development are underway to utilise the special properties of individual particle systems to construct quantum computers, improve measurements, build quantum networks and establish secure quantum encrypted communication.
John Clauser built an apparatus that emitted two entangled photons at a time, each towards a filter that tested their polarisation. The result was a clear violation of a Bell inequality and agreed with the predictions of quantum mechanics.
Alain Aspect – awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics – developed a setup to close an important loophole. He was able to switch the measurement settings after an entangled pair had left its source, so the setting that existed when they were emitted could not affect the result.
Anton Zeilinger, 2022 Nobel Prize laureate in physics, researched entangled quantum states. His research group has demonstrated a phenomenon called quantum teleportation, which makes it possible to move a quantum state from one particle to one at a distance.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.”
Carolyn Bertozzi – awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry – has taken click chemistry to a new dimension and started utilising it in living organisms. Her bioorthogonal reactions take place without disrupting the normal chemistry of the cell.
Barry Sharpless and Morten Meldal have laid the foundation for a functional form of chemistry – click chemistry – in which molecular building blocks snap together quickly and efficiently.
Barry Sharpless has just become the fifth individual to be awarded two Nobel Prizes. He follows in the footsteps of double Nobel Prize laureates John Bardeen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, Linus Pauling and Frederick Sanger. Sharpless was awarded the chemistry prize in 2001 and 2022
Nobel Prize in Literature
Literature Nobel goes to French author Annie Ernaux
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to the French author Annie Ernaux “for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory”.
In her writing, Annie Ernaux consistently and from different angles, examines a life marked by strong disparities regarding gender, language and class. She has written over thirty literary works.
Nobel Peace Prize
2022 Nobel Peace prize goes to 3 organisations
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize to human rights advocate Ales Bialiatski from Belarus, the Russian human rights organisation Memorial and the Ukrainian human rights organisation Center for Civil Liberties.
The award which puts spotlight on activists and groups trying to prevent conflict and protect human rights was awarded to Ales Bialiatski and the two organisations.
Ales Bialiatski is a prominent Belarusian human rights activist, who is currently being held in prison without trial.
The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize laureate and human rights organisation Memorial was established in 1987 by human rights activists in the former Soviet Union who wanted to ensure that the victims of the communist regime’s oppression would never be forgotten.
The Centre for Civil Liberties – awarded the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize – was founded for the purpose of advancing human rights and democracy in Ukraine. It has taken a stand to strengthen Ukrainian civil society and pressure the authorities to make Ukraine a full-fledged democracy.
Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences
– coming soon –
Nobel Prize 2022 schedule
It is to be noted that the Nobel Prizes will be announced from 3rd October to 10 October 2022. Check the complete schedule below:
| 3 October 2022 | Physiology or Medicine |
| 4 October 2022 | Physics |
| 5 October 2022 | Chemistry |
| 6 October 2022 | Literature |
| 7 October 2022 | Peace |
| 10 October 2022 | Economic Sciences |
About Nobel Prize
- Most coveted international award in the world.
- Instituted by Alfred Bernard Nobel (inventor of dynamite).
- The award is given on December 10 (death anniversary of Alfred Bernard Nobel).
Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent persons who have made pioneering achievements in the following fields:
- Physics
- Chemistry
- Medicine
- Peace
- Literature
- Economics
Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics Nobel Prize was instituted in 1967 and was first given in 1969.
What do the winners receive?
Laureates will receive a Nobel Prize diploma, a Nobel Prize medal and a document detailing the Nobel Prize amount, which this year amounts to 10 million Swedish krona, or about $900,000 in current exchange rates.